What Causes Pimples?
For most people, acne begins during adolescence. One of the main reasons is the excessive production of sebum due to the higher levels of sex hormones in the body during puberty.
To understand the various factors which cause acne, we need a brief insight into the anatomy of the skin surface; the hair follicles, as well as the production and role of sebum. Here is some background before we get to the actual causes.
The Hair Follicle and the Sebaceous Glands
There are many hair follicles on our skin. The sebaceous glands (oil glands) exist near the surface of the skin and open into the hair follicles. The oil, or sebum, which they produce constantly, enters the follicle. This helps in protecting the skin from drying out.
Overproduction of sebum is a major factor in the development of acne. Before covering the various causes of acne, here is information about the production, role and regulation of sebum.
Sebum
Sebum, an oily and complex mixture of lipids (a group of fats and similar compounds including waxes, oils, sterols, triglycerides, phosphatides and phospholipids), is produced by the sebaceous glands.
Sebaceous glands exist over almost all of the body, but especially on the forehead, chin and back. Cells in these glands disintegrate in about a week and produce sebum. The rate of production depends on age and gender:
- Adult females produce less sebum than adult males
- Production of sebum increases almost five times in boys with the onset of puberty
- Sebum production declines significantly with age
- Production of sebum also falls steeply in women after menopause
Hormonal control of sebum
The sex hormones, or androgens, stimulate the cells in the sebaceous glands to produce sebum. The testis in males, the ovaries in females and the adrenal glands produce these hormones.
Role of Sebum
Some of the functions of sebum are:
- It acts as a protective barrier against bacteria and fungi.
- It helps to reduce excessive water loss from the surface of the skin.
It is an environment that supports the bacteria Proprionibacterium acnes, which researchers believe may play an important role in the regulation of the immune system. With your new insight into the working of sebaceous glands and the production of sebum, you will understand the factors that cause acne more easily.
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- A General Overview of Acne
- What is Acne?
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